Translated to Arabic, 'Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice' applied linguistics and language study by Roger London Bell. The author attempts to arrange the translation process and set it within a systemic model of language. The book is divided into three parts, namely model, meaning and memory, assessing how logical relationships are organized and mapped onto the syntactic systems of a language. Bell firstly defines translation for the purposes of his book and argues that a major specification for the successful organization of translation into a manageable system is translator competence.